Pension changes and size 15 hobnail boots

I have sent my initial thoughts (see below) and hope other forum members will try to ensure the changes are sensible. It is hard to argue in pure principle against a reversal of a 2015 policy change or that what goes in with an income tax deduction and secures tax-free growth should come out with an income tax charge. A double charge to IHT is surely unreasonable unless like HMG you have till rolls for eyeballs. The s151 IHTA treatment did not arrive in 2015. It originated in the CTT (later IHTA) 1984 but the “discretionary” principle prevented inclusion in the taxable death estate in Part III FA 1975 and under estate duty so to override it is a totally new departure.

"My initial thoughts. As ever you are transfixed by process: reporting and collection. Pensioners are interested in the substantive changes.

1 The exemption for surviving spouse or civil partner is buried away in the Case Studies. This should have been highlighted prominently in case the announcement caused fatal heart attacks among pensioners.

2 What about the current difference between deaths before and after age 75?

3 A legitimate expectation is that where the fund is within charge withdrawals from after death net of IHT should NOT be liable to income tax as now if the pensioner is over 75. Again, not highlighted as it should have been probably because of your IHT-focused tunnel vision.

4 The tax position should be aligned with the law of succession. At present the discretionary nature of the provider’s power to distribute after death attracts IHT exemption. Though only a technical fig leaf and unfair on non-discretionary schemes, it does not therefore admit of devolution by will or on intestacy. If it’s taxable it should be transmissible on death. Again, IHT focus tunnel vision probably accounts for the omission to consider other legal consequences, including exposure to bankruptcy if it becomes an asset of which the deceased is competent to dispose. And there will be amendments of scheme rules to deal with. Presumably the fund would then benefit from s142 and s144. like tenancy in common of jointly owned assets.

5 Hopefully before HMG and HMRC trample over this area in their great clodhoppers they will adopt joined-up thinking and not as usual come up with legislation that fails to cater for even the most foreseeable issues which will have to be pointed out by professional bodies or run through the courts at taxpayers’ expense. We are all sick of poorly drafted legislation based on jejune jurisprudence.

6 Taxpayers may have run down their personal assets in expectation of the continuity of the current rules. As always you will hide behind the casuistry of changes being retroactive not retrospective. (Yeah right!). Hence deferred implementation date. Again as always you will overlook human nature and behaviour. You need to estimate how this will affect future choices to save by these means. Given HMG has binned the cap on social care contributions they have to factor in a 40% reduction in available fund or up to an additional 40% x 60% = 24% if withdrawals are income taxable without a credit/franking mechanism

7 I hope you will not regard suicide before 2027 as tax avoidance caught by the GAAR or by enacting forestalling provisions."

Jack Harper

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A consequence of the measure will be an increase in the number of estates being entitled to either no RNRBs or to reduced RNRBs. The IHT on the pot could exceed 40% of it!

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Just addressing the GAAR point, I wonder what the counter-measure would be? Presumably, it would be the opposite of Hotblack Desiato who spent a year dead for tax reasons - the deceased would have to spend a year alive for tax reasons?

I’m not going to get into the politics of it but I can see lots of practical issues (e.g. delays in getting money out to dependents, finding a long lost pension several years after death, no PRs, interest on late paid IHT hitting the pension scheme beneficiaries and providing no incentive for pension scheme administrators to do anything quickly, etc). Hopefully a lot of these will be solved as part of the consultation process.

The way that the consultation proposal requires the pension scheme administrators pay the average rate of IHT on the enlarged estate will create tensions where the people getting value through differ from the ones getting value from the pension. For example, if a one child was to inherit a house worth ÂŁ1m and a pension pot of ÂŁ1.5m going to another child then 40% of the overall IHT due on the estate (including in relation to the clawback of the RNRB) will now be borne by the person who gets the house.

It’s also worth thinking about changing expressions of wishes for the pension where, say, it is in favour of a child rather than a spouse. Changing it to the surviving spouse may reduce an immediate IHT charge and allow the survivor to give an equivalent amount (gross or net of income tax depending on the deceased’s age) as normal expenditure out of income.

I hope Tigger and all other knowledgeable contributors will send comments to ihtonpensions@hmrc.gov.uk. While this may turn out so often to be a dialogue with the deaf it will make “I told you so” all the more enjoyable.

Jack Harper